Production budgets
include:
·
Sales Budget
·
Finished Goods Budgets
·
Material budges
·
Labour budgets
·
Overheads budgets.
Non-Production Budgets
Include
·
Selling & Distribution
·
Administration Budget
·
Cash Budget
·
Research and Development – Capex
·
All these budgets translate into the projected profit and loss a/c
and the budgeted Balance Sheet.
Illustration
Venus plc produces two products Niks and
Args. The budget for the next year to
31st 20X8 is to be prepared.
Expectations for the forthcoming year includes the following:
Venus
PLC
BALANCE
SHEET AS AT 1 APRIL 20X7
Fixed Assets
|
Shs
|
Shs
|
Shs
|
Land
and buildings
|
|
|
45,000
|
Plant
and Equipment (NBV)
|
|
|
112,000
|
Current
Assets
|
|
|
|
Raw
materials
|
|
7,650
|
|
Finished
goods
|
|
23,615
|
|
Debtors
|
|
19,500
|
|
Cash
|
|
4,300
|
|
|
|
55,065
|
|
Current Liabilities
|
|
|
|
Creditors
|
6,800
|
|
|
Taxation
|
24,500
|
(31,300)
|
23,765
|
|
|
|
180,765
|
Financed
by
|
|
|
|
150,000
ordinary shares of Shs1 each
|
|
|
150,000
|
Retained
profit
|
|
|
30,765
|
|
|
|
180,765
|
(b) Finished Products
|
NIKS
|
ARGS
|
|
The
Sales Director has estimated the following:
|
|
|
|
(i) Demand for the Co’s products
|
4,500 units
|
4,000 units
|
|
(ii) Expected S.P per unit
|
Shs32
|
Shs44
|
|
(iii) Closing stock @ 31 March 20X8 is required
to be
|
400 units
|
1200 units
|
|
(iv) Opening stocks at 01 April 20X7
|
900 units
|
200 units
|
|
(v) Unit cost of this opening stock will be
|
Shs20
|
Shs28
|
|
(vi) The amount of plant capacity required for
each
product is: Machining
|
15min
|
24min
|
|
Assembling
|
12min
|
18min
|
|
(vii) The raw material content per unit is
Material
A
|
1.5 kg
|
0.5 kg
|
|
Material
B
|
2.0 k g
|
4.0 kg
|
|
(viii)
Direct labour hours required @ unit of each
product is:
|
6 hrs
|
9 hrs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finished
goods are valued at FIFO basis at full factory cost.
(c)
|
Raw Materials
|
Material A
|
Material B
|
(i)
|
Closing
stock requirements kilos at 31 March 20X8
|
600
|
1000
|
(ii)
|
Opening
stock at 1 April 20X7 kilos
|
1100
|
6000
|
(iii)
|
Budgeted
cost of raw materials per kilo
|
Shs1.50
|
Shs1.0
|
Actual
cost per kilo of opening stocks are as budgeted cost for the coming year.
(d)
Direct Labour
The standard wage rate of direct labour is
Shs1.50/hr.
(e)
Factory overhead
Factory overhead is absorbed on the basis of
machining hours with separate absorption rates for each department.
The following are expected overheads in the
production cost centre budgets.
|
Machinery Deport
|
Assembly Deport
|
|
Shs
|
Shs
|
Supervisors
salaries
|
10,000
|
9,150
|
Power
|
2,400
|
2,000
|
Maintenance
and running costs
|
2,100
|
2,000
|
Consumables
|
3,400
|
500
|
General
Expenses
|
19,600
|
5,000
|
|
39,500
|
18,650
|
Depreciation is taken at 5% straight-line on plant
and machinery equipment. A machine
costing the company Shs20,000 is due to be installed on 1 October 20X7 in the
machining department which already has machinery installed to the value of
Shs100,000 at cost.
(f)
|
Selling and distribution
expenses
|
Shs
|
|
Sales
commission and salaries
|
14,300
|
|
Traveling
distribution
|
3,500
|
|
Office
salaries
|
10,100
|
|
General
administration expenses
|
2,500
|
|
|
30,400
|
(g) There is no opening or
closing work in progress and inflation should be ignored.
Required
Prepare
the following budgets for the year ended 31 March 20X8 for Venus PLC.
i)
Sales budget
ii)
Production budget (units)
iii)
Plant utilization budget
iv)
Direct materials utilization budget
v)
Direct labour budget
vi)
Factory overhead budget
vii)
Direct materials purchases budget
viii) Cost of goods sold budget
ix)
Budgeted profit and loss account
Solutions
Venus
PLC
(i)
Sales Budget
|
|
|
Qty (units)
|
Revenue (Shs)
|
|
NIKS
|
4,500
|
144,000*1
|
|
ARGS
|
4,000
|
176,000*2
|
|
TOTALS
|
|
320,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(ii)
Production Budget (units)
|
|
|
|
|
NIKS (units)
|
ARGS (units)
|
|
Sales
|
4,500
|
4,000
|
|
Add: Closing Stock
|
400
|
1,200
|
|
Total requirements
|
4,900
|
5,200
|
|
Less: Opening stock
|
(900)
|
(200)
|
|
Production
budget
|
4,000
|
5,000
|
|
(iii)
Plant Utilization Budget
|
|
|
Machinery
|
Assembling
|
NIKS
(4,000 units) *3
|
1000 hrs
|
800 hrs
|
ARGS
(5000 units) *4
|
2000
|
1,500
|
TOTAL PLANT UTILIZATION
|
3,000 hrs
|
2,300 hrs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*3 = 4000 x ; 4000
x 
*4 = 5000 x ; 5000
x 
(iv) Direct
Material Uses Budget
|
|
|
Units
|
@
|
Material A
|
@
|
Material B
|
NIKS
|
4,000
|
1.5
|
6,000
|
2.0
|
8,000
|
ARGS
|
5,000
|
0.5
|
2,500
|
4.0
|
20,000
|
Total Direct Materials
|
8,500 kg
|
|
|
|
28,000 kg
|
USAGE
|
|
|
|
|
|
(v)
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
|
|
|
Mat A (kg)
|
Mat B (kg)
|
Current usage
|
8,500
|
28,000
|
Add: Closing stock
|
600
|
1,000
|
Total Req
|
9,100
|
29,000
|
Less: Opening stock
|
(1,100)
|
(6,000)
|
Material To Be Purchased (Kg)
|
8,000
|
23,000
|
Cost per Kg.
|
Shs1.5
|
Shs1.0
|
Material purchase
|
|
|
|
|
Budget Shs
|
12,000
|
23,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
(vi) Direct Labour Budget
|
|
|
Hrs
|
NIKS
4000 x 6
|
24,000
|
ARGS
5000 X 9
|
45,000
|
Direct
Labour hrs
|
69,000
|
Standard
Wage rate/hr
|
Shs 1.6
|
Direct
Labour Cost Budget
|
Shs 110,400
|
Factory
Overhead Budget
|
|
|
|
|
Machining Department
(Shs)
|
Assembly department
(Shs)
|
Budgeted Overheads ex
|
39,500
|
18,650
|
Cluding depreciation
|
|
|
Add: Depreciation
|
|
|
Less: Existing plant
|
*5
5,000
|
4,350
|
New plant
|
*6
500
|
-
|
Total
budgeted overheads
|
45,000
|
23,000
|
Absorption
Base (Machine hrs)
|
3,000
|
2,300
|
Overhead
Absorption Rate
|
*7 Shs1.5/mach hr
|
Shs 10 mach hr
|
*5 = 100,000 x 5%; 87,000 x 5%
*6 = 20,000 x 5% x 
*7 = ; 
(viii)
Cost of goods sold budget
|
|
|
Niks (Shs)
|
Args (Shs)
|
Opening stock (WI)
|
18,000
|
5,600
|
Add: Production (WII)
|
78,400
|
140,750
|
Less: Closing stock (WIII)
|
7,840
|
33,780
|
Cost of goods sold
|
88,560
|
112,570
|
Workings
I: Opening stocks
Niks: 900 x 20 = 18,000
Args: 200 x 28 = 5,600
II PRODUCTION COST
PER UNIT OF FINISHED PRODUCT
|
|
|
|
|
|
NIKS
|
|
ARG
|
|
|
|
|
Materials: A 1.5 x 1.5
|
2.25
|
0.5 x 1.5
|
0.75
|
B 2.0 x 1.0
|
2.0
|
4.0 x 1.0
|
4.0
|
Labour: 6hrs x 1.6
|
9.6
|
9 hrs x 1.6
|
14.4
|
Overheads
|
|
|
|
Machining
15 x 
|
3.75
|
15 x 
|
6.0
|
Assembly
10 x 
|
2.0
|
10 x 
|
3.0
|
Total
production @ unit
|
Shs19.6
|
|
28.15
|
Production
Units
|
4000
|
|
5000
|
Valuation
|
78400
|
|
140750
|
III CLOSING
stock valuation
|
|
|
|
|
NIKS
|
ARGS
|
|
|
|
Closing
stock units
|
400
|
1200
|
Unit
cost
|
19.6
|
28.15
|
Stock
units
|
7840
|
33780
|
(iv)
BUDGETED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
|
|
|
|
|
|
NIKS
(Shs)
|
ARGS
(Shs)
|
TOTAL
(Shs)
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
144000
|
176000
|
320000
|
Cost of goods sold
|
88560
|
112570
|
201130
|
Gross
Profit
|
55440
|
63430
|
118870
|
Less: Selling and administrations expenses
|
|
|
30400
|
Net
Profit
|
|
|
88470
|
|